Technology
Engineered Systems
Traditional Digital Twin Applications
In engineered systems, the feedback loops that maintain a nominal state throughout the operating envelope were designed and thus are well-understood and available for digital twin development and applied simulation.
Biological Systems
Biodigital Twin Applications
In contrast to engineered systems, the underlying internal states and feedback loops that maintain homeostasis in biological systems must first be reverse engineered from physiological principles and numerous disparate datasets. These systems physiology models form a foundational layer for biodigital twins.
In addition, human populations contain great diversity in homeostatic feedback loops, driven by myriad factors (e.g., genetic, metabolic, lifestyle, etc.). Therefore, population variants of the underlying model are generated such that they reproduce key Kaplan Meier statistics, hazard ratios, correlations and other statistical observations of the human population and subpopulations. Creating such a causal and statistical mirror of the human population, a digital population, is the next foundational layer for digital twins.
The development of systems physiology models and digital populations is outlined in the Methodology section.
In addition, human populations contain great diversity in homeostatic feedback loops, driven by myriad factors (e.g., genetic, metabolic, lifestyle, etc.). Therefore, population variants of the underlying model are generated such that they reproduce key Kaplan Meier statistics, hazard ratios, correlations and other statistical observations of the human population and subpopulations. Creating such a causal and statistical mirror of the human population, a digital population, is the next foundational layer for digital twins.
The development of systems physiology models and digital populations is outlined in the Methodology section.
